top of page
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื

ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื”ืžื—ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ, ืžืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื, ืืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื”. ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื” ืžืฉื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ืœืขืžื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึดืงึฐื ึถื” ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืขึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ ืฉืึตืฉื ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ื•ึผื‘ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดืขึดืช ื™ึตืฆึตื ืœึทื—ึธืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื—ึดื ึผึธื. ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืžืฉื” ืžื•ืกืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืื—ืจื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืœื—ืœืฉ, ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื™ื•ื 613 ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื. ืจืง ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืื‘ื™ื“ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืœืฉืงืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข.

ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื- ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉืœ ื”ื ืจืื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื? ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš?

ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื”ืขื‘ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื•ึฐืึดื-ืึธืžึนืจ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื”ึธืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช-ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ืึถืช-ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช-ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ ืœึนื ืึตืฆึตื ื—ึธืคึฐืฉืึดื™. ื›ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืฆื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืจืง ืžืชื•ื›ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื.

ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ 53 ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื:ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื›ึผึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ-ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื”' ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข ื ืขืฉื” ืงื•ื“ื, ื ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืื– ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘. ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื ืืžืจ: ื›ึธึผืœ ืฉึถืืžึทึผืขึฒืฉึธื‚ื™ื• ืžึฐืจึปื‘ึดึผื™ืŸ ืžึตื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธืชื•ึน, ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธืชื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐืงึทื™ึถึผืžึถืช. ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื–ื• ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“, ืขืฉื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื•ื•ื›ื—ื ื•ืช, ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื™ ื ื’ื“ ืžื™, ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ื“ืง. ืขืฉื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง.

ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื™ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘, ื–ืื‘ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ ื“ื”- ืœื•ื™, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•. ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ืžื ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื›ื•ืœื, ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ืง ืื• ืงืจื•ื‘, ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื• ื–ืจ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืื”ื‘ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืฉื™ื, ืœืžืขื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช, ืœื›ืœ ืืฉื” ื•ืื™ืฉ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื. ืœื™ื‘ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื™ื•ื›ื• ื”ื—ื ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื™ ืชืžื™ื“.

ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘



3 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช0 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
bottom of page