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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ

ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธื” ืึถืœ-ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“

ื”ื™ื•ื, ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืกืข ื—ื“ืฉ. ืžืกืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืกืข ืขืฆืžื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื—ืœ. ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”' ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืคืงื“. ืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืึถืช-ืจึนืืฉื ื›ึผึธืœ-ืขึฒื“ึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึนืชึธื ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืึฒื‘ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืกึฐืคึผึทืจ ืฉืึตืžื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืœ-ื–ึธื›ึธืจ ืœึฐื’ึปืœึฐื’ึผึฐืœึนืชึธื. ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืคื•ืงื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: ืชึผึดืคึฐืงึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื ืœึฐืฆึดื‘ึฐืึนืชึธื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ. ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื›ื— ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื ื”. ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื˜ ื—ื•ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื: ื‘ืžื–ืจื—: ืžื—ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”- ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ, ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื: ืžื—ื ื” ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ- ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ื’ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘: ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื- ืืคืจื™ื, ืžื ืฉื”, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ: ืžื—ื ื” ื“ืŸ- ื“ืŸ, ืืฉืจ, ื ืคืชืœื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืืฃ ืžื—ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืฃ ื ื—ืœื”. ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืงื“ื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง, ื‘ื ืฉื™ืื” ื•ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ื ื” ืœืชื—ื ื”. ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื ื”. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื“ืจืš. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœืžืกืข. ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ืœืžืงื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืื—ื“. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™? ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืกืข ื›ื–ื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื—, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืขืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ: "ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขึนื– ืฉืœื”, ืืช ืึตื™ืชึธื ึดื™ื•ึผืชึธื”, ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœื”, ืืช ื”ืชืžื“ืชื” ื•ืฉืงื™ื“ืชื”, ืืช ืžืชื™ื ื•ืชื”, ื•ืืช ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืขึดื•ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื”, ืžืคืจืื•ืชื”, ืžื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ื•ึผืชึธื” ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžืฉืœื™ืœืช ื›ื•ื ืชื”, ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื•ืชื”" ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœื•ืžื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื– ื•ื”ืื™ืชื ื•ืช. ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื’ื ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืชืŸ, ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข. ืื‘ืœ, ืžืกื™ื™ื’ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื—, ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื’ืœ, ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืขื™ื•ื•ืจืช. ืกื“ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜, ืื™ื ื• ื›ืคื•ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื”ืจื’ืœื™. ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ "ื”ื ื ื• ืื– ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืงื•ืžืžื™ื•ืช, ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืžืชื™ ืืจืฅ, ื ื•ื—ืœื™ื ื ื—ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืขื– ื•ื”ื“ืจ, ื•ืฉื•ื—ืงื™ื ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื•ืŸ." ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—"ื› ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ืœ ืฉื•ื‘. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืืกื™ื” ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืกืข ืฉืœื”ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช, ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื™ ื‘ืื ื™ื”, ืžื™ ืขืœ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจื’ืœ. ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™ ื ื•ื— ืจื•ื–ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘1898 ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ืžื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ืฉึฐื‚ืื•ึผ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนื ึธื” ื ึตืก ื•ึธื“ึถื’ึถืœ ื“ึถึผื’ึถืœ ืžึทื—ึฒื ึตื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืžึดื™ ื‘ึธึผืจึถื›ึถื‘ ืžึดื™ ื‘ึธึผืจึถื’ึถืœ ื ึตืขึธืฉื‚ ื ึธื ืœึทืึฒื’ึปื“ึธึผื”.

ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื ึตืœึฐื›ึธื” ื ึธื ื ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืึทืจึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึธืึฒื”ื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืขึถืจึถืฉื‚ ื™ึทืœึฐื“ื•ึผืชึตื ื•ึผ.

ื›ืžื• ืื– ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืกืข. ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ืฉืขื”, ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”, ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืžืกืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ. ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืฉืœื™: ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืคื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื™, ืœืืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื•. ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ, ืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื ื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ื™. ืื™ืคื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”? ืื™ืคื” ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื ืžืฆื? ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘? ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ: ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”, ื”ื‘ื ื”, ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื”ื›ืจื”. ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš, ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื™ื’ื™ืข. ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข. ืื ื™ ืื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“, ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™. "ืึธื– ืึทืšึฐ ืฉึฐื‚ื—ื•ึนืง ื™ึดืžึธึผืœึตื ืคึดึผื™ื ื•ึผ, ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึตื ื•ึผ ืจึดื ึธึผื”!" ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžื”, ื“ืจืš ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื.

ืฆืคื™ื™ื” 10 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
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